![]() The main purpose was to find an area in Antarctica for a German whaling station, as a way to increase Germany's production of fat. The third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939) was led by Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963), a captain in the German Navy. A German whaling fleet was put to sea in 1937 and, upon its successful return in early 1938, plans for a third German Antarctic expedition were drawn up. The expedition discovered and named the Luitpold Coast and the Filchner Ice Shelf. As happened with other such early attempts, the crossing failed before it even began. ![]() The second German Antarctic expedition (1911–1912) was led by Wilhelm Filchner with a goal of crossing Antarctica to learn if it was one piece of land. ![]() It also found and named Kaiser Wilhelm II Land. Led by Arctic veteran and geology professor Erich von Drygalski, this was the first expedition to use a hot-air balloon in Antarctica. The first German expedition to Antarctica was the Gauss expedition from 1901 to 1903. ![]() As the 19th century ended, Germany began to focus on Antarctica. The late 19th century expeditions to the Southern Ocean, South Georgia, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Crozet Islands were astronomical, meteorological, and hydrological, mostly in close collaboration with scientific teams from other countries. Like many other countries, Germany sent expeditions to the Antarctic region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of which were scientific. New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. New Swabia ( Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was a disputed Antarctic claim by Nazi Germany within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land and is now a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20☎ and 10°W in Queen Maud Land. 1939 ( 1939)–1941: United States Antarctic Service Expedition.1902 ( 1902)–1904: Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.1959 ( 1959)–present: Antarctic Treaty System.
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